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José Maurício Nunes Garcia (September 20, 1767 – April 18, 1830) was a Brazilian classical composer, one of the greatest exponents of Classicism in the Americas. Born in Rio de Janeiro, son of mulattos, Nunes Garcia lost his father at an early age, and his mother perceived that her son had an inclination for becoming a musician and, for this reason, improved her work to allow him to continue his musical studies. Nunes Garcia became a priest and, when prince John VI of Portugal came to Rio de Janeiro with his 15,000 people, Nunes Garcia was appointed Master of the Royal Chapel. He sang and played the harpsichord, performing his compositions as well as those of other composers such as Domenico Cimarosa and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He was a very prestigious musician in the royal court of John VI. His musical style was strongly influenced by Viennese composers of the period, such as Mozart and Haydn. Today, some 240 musical pieces written by Nunes Garcia survive, and at least 170 others are known to have been lost (). Most of his compositions are sacred works, but he wrote also some secular pieces, including the opera ''Le due gemelle'' and the ''Tempest Symphony''. ==Infancy and youth== On September 22, 1767, in a humble house at Rua da Vala, in Rio de Janeiro, a boy was born to a couple of free mulattos, Vitória Maria da Cruz and the tailor Apolinário Nunes Garcia. Vitória was born in the city of Mariana, in the province of Minas Gerais, and Apolinário, in Ilha do Governador (Governor's Island), near the city of Rio de Janeiro. Victoria's mother was Joana Gonçalves, slave of Simão Gonçalves, and Apolinário was the son of Ana Correa do Desterro, slave of the parrish Apolinário Nunes Garcia. Their baptism documents have no record of their fathers' names, an evidence they were both their lord's children. Victoria and Apolinário married in 1762. The boy, who had been born on St Maurice's day, was baptized José Mauricio Nunes Garcia, on December 20 of this same year, in the city's See, now the church of Nossa Senhora do Rosário. An aunt, whose name is not known, lived with the family. After Apolinário's death in 1773, they both raised the small boy, and, when his precocious musical talent was detected, they succeeded to contract, not without sacrifice, Salvador José de Almeida e Faria to teach him music. Faria had been educated in the musical style of the province of Minas Gerais in the 18th century, and there he made his career; this explains why this style is present in Nunes Garcia's early compositions. To complete his musical education, he probably joined the See's boys choir, as a soprano. The choir's components were students of the Seminário de São Joaquim, today Pedro II school, where they learned to read music, Greek and Latin. According to Manuel de Araújo Porto Alegre, one of his early biographers, the young boy had "a beautiful voice and a sharp musical memory"; "reproduced everything he heard", and "created his own melodies and played the harpsichord and the guitar without ever have learned to". In 1779, at twelve, Nunes Garcia began to teach music. Since he never had a piano or a harpsichord, he exercised on the keyboard by teaching the society's ladies in their homes. He learned to play the organ later, when he was already a priest, assisted by some good organists in the churches. He completed his education in the "Royal Classes", public classes with lectures in history, geography, Latin grammar, philosophy and rhetoric. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「José Maurício Nunes Garcia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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